Antecedents – NeuRA Library

Autonomic nervous system anomalies

Sandy — Wed, 15 May 2013 06:22:27 +0000

We have not found any systematic reviews on this topic that meet the Schizophrenia Library’s inclusion criteria.

Pending enough primary studies, we invite reviews on this topic to be conducted. Alternatively we will endeavour to conduct our own review to fill this gap in the Library.

March 2022

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Behavioural disturbances and psychopathology

Sandy — Wed, 15 May 2013 06:24:08 +0000

What are antecedents of schizophrenia?

Antecedents such as behavioural disturbances and psychopathology are subtle deviations in development that may become evident during childhood or adolescence. The presence of these deviations may foreshadow the later development of schizophrenia, however most children who exhibit these antecedents do not develop the disorder. Studies exploring antecedents are ideally based on representative, population-based samples that follow the group from birth through childhood and adolescence to adulthood. These studies can provide unique insights into the changes in developmental trajectories that may be associated with schizophrenia.

What is the evidence for behavioural disturbances and psychopathology as antecedents of schizophrenia?

Overall, moderate quality evidence suggests schizophrenia may be associated with a range of behavioural problems and psychopathology during childhood and early adolescence. These behavioural antecedents are subtle; individuals who later develop schizophrenia are not marked by extreme deviations in behaviours and most children who exhibit these disturbances do not develop schizophrenia. Possible behavioural disturbances include ADHD, social anxiety, social maladjustment, deviant behaviour, psychotic-like experiences, delusions, hallucinations, and general psychopathology.

The prevalence of psychotic-like experiences in children and adolescents is around 10%. Prevalence is higher in cross-sectional studies than in longitudinal studies, and in studies using questionnaires rather than interviews. Children and adolescents who report psychotic experiences had a medium-sized increased risk of later developing a psychotic disorder, or any other mental illness.

The prevalence of hallucinatory experiences in children aged between 7 and 18 years is between 5% and 9%. The odds of transitioning to a psychotic disorder are higher for children who have experienced hallucinatory experiences than for children who have not experienced hallucinatory experiences.

From age 3 years, higher levels of social withdrawal may be apparent. This is not specific to schizophrenia as it is also related to later development of depression, anxiety, neurosis, and mania. In adolescence, poor social functioning may be a specific predictor for a psychotic disorder. From age 3 to 6 years, higher levels of externalising behaviour may be evident, including aggression, bullying, disruptiveness, and noncompliance with adults. Higher levels of over-reactive behaviours may be apparent from age 7 to 12 years in males. From age 13 to 17 years, higher levels of disagreeableness and disruptiveness may be apparent, with no increase in aggressiveness or negative attitudes. Antisocial-externalising behaviour in preschool, childhood, and in high-risk adolescents may be a specific predictor of schizophrenia, although specificity does not extend to comparisons with mania.

March 2022

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Dermatoglyphic anomalies

Sandy — Wed, 15 May 2013 06:20:48 +0000

We have not found any systematic reviews on this topic that meet the inclusion criteria.

Pending enough primary studies, we invite reviews on this topic to be conducted. Alternatively we will endeavour to conduct our own review to fill this gap in the Library.

March 2022

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Eye tracking anomalies

Sandy — Wed, 15 May 2013 06:19:40 +0000

We have not found any systematic reviews on this topic that meet the Schizophrenia Library’s inclusion criteria.

Pending enough primary studies, we invite reviews on this topic to be conducted. Alternatively, we will endeavour to conduct our own review to fill this gap in the Library.

March 2022

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The post Eye tracking anomalies appeared first on NeuRA Library.

Face emotion processing anomalies

Sandy — Wed, 15 May 2013 06:16:48 +0000

We have not found any systematic reviews on this topic that meet the Schizophrenia Library’s inclusion criteria.

Pending enough primary studies, we invite reviews on this topic to be conducted. Alternatively, we will endeavour to conduct our own review to fill this gap in the Library.

March 2022

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The post Face emotion processing anomalies appeared first on NeuRA Library.

Height and body mass index

Sandy — Mon, 16 Nov 2015 02:29:36 +0000

What are antecedents of schizophrenia?

Antecedents such as abnormal height and BMI are subtle deviations in development that may become evident during childhood or adolescence. The presence of these deviations may foreshadow the later development of schizophrenia, however most children who exhibit these antecedents do not develop the disorder. Studies exploring antecedents are ideally based on representative, population-based samples that follow the group from birth through childhood and adolescence to adulthood. These studies can provide unique insights into the changes in developmental trajectories that may be associated with schizophrenia.

What is the evidence for height and BMI as antecedents of schizophrenia?

Moderate quality evidence suggests a small increased risk of schizophrenia in males who were underweight or shorter than average around 5 years prior to the onset of schizophrenia.

Moderate to low quality evidence suggests a medium effect of more leanness at birth, shorter height at 2.5 and 9 years, and higher BMI at 7 years, although no differences in BMI were reported at 2.5 and 9 years in a separate study. There may be slower growth in early childhood in females who later develop schizophrenia, with no differences in growth rate for males.

High quality evidence found no differences in birth length between people with schizophrenia and people without schizophrenia.

March 2022

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IQ and academic performance

Sandy — Wed, 15 May 2013 06:29:15 +0000

What are antecedents of schizophrenia?

Antecedents are subtle deviations in development that may become evident during childhood or adolescence. The presence of these deviations may foreshadow the later development of schizophrenia, however most children who exhibit these antecedents do not develop the disorder. Studies exploring antecedents are ideally based on representative, population-based samples that follow the group from birth through childhood and adolescence to adulthood. These studies can provide unique insights into the changes in developmental trajectories that may be associated with schizophrenia.

What is the evidence for IQ and academic performance as antecedents for schizophrenia?

Moderate to high quality evidence found lower IQ scores, lower general academic scores, and lower mathematics scores during childhood or adolescence in those who were later diagnosed with schizophrenia. They also recorded lower education levels.

Lower general academic achievement was found in youth with psychotic-like experiences and in youth with a family history of schizophrenia when compared to children not at risk of schizophrenia. There were also lower education levels in these youth.

March 2022

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Minor physical anomalies

Sandy — Wed, 15 May 2013 06:16:05 +0000

We have not found any systematic reviews on this topic that meet the inclusion criteria.

Pending enough primary studies, we invite reviews on this topic to be conducted. Alternatively we will endeavour to conduct our own review to fill this gap in the Library.

March 2022

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Motor dysfunction

Sandy — Wed, 15 May 2013 06:26:06 +0000

What are antecedents of schizophrenia?

Antecedents such as motor dysfunction are subtle deviations in development that may become evident during childhood or adolescence. The presence of these deviations may foreshadow the later development of schizophrenia, however most children who exhibit these antecedents do not develop the disorder. Studies exploring antecedents are ideally based on representative, population-based samples that follow the group from birth through childhood and adolescence to adulthood. These studies can provide unique insights into the changes in developmental trajectories that may be associated with schizophrenia.

What is the evidence for motor dysfunction as an antecedent of schizophrenia?

High quality evidence finds schizophrenia in adulthood is associated with a medium-sized effect of delay in walking unsupported in infancy, and small effects of delays in standing and sitting unsupported in infancy.

High quality evidence suggests youth ≤ 16 years who developed schizophrenia in adulthood were more likely to display deficits in motor function than youth who did not develop the disorder (medium-sized effect).

March 2022

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Olfactory identification deficits

Sandy — Wed, 15 May 2013 06:14:37 +0000

We have not found any systematic reviews on this topic that meet the Schizophrenia Library’s inclusion criteria.

Pending enough primary studies, we invite reviews on this topic to be conducted. Alternatively, we will endeavour to conduct our own review to fill this gap in the Library.

March 2022

The post Olfactory identification deficits appeared first on NeuRA Library.