Prevalence represents the overall proportion of individuals in a population who have the disorder of interest. It is different from incidence, which represents only the new cases that have developed over a particular time period. Point prevalence is the proportion of individuals in a population who have the disorder at a given point in time (e.g., at one-month post-trauma), while period prevalence is the proportion of individuals in a population who have the disorder over specific time periods (e.g., one to two months post-trauma). Lifetime prevalence is the proportion of individuals in a population who have ever had the disorder and lifetime morbid risk also includes those who had the disorder but were deceased at the time of the survey.

What is the prevalence of bipolar disorder in problem gamblers?

Moderate quality evidence finds the prevalence of bipolar disorder in people with problem gamling is around 9%. This is lower than in people with nicotine dependence (56.4%), major depressive disorders (29.9%), alcohol use disorders (21.2%), anxiety disorders (17.6%), social phobia (14.9%), generalised anxiety disorder (14.4%), panic disorder (13.7%), post-traumatic stress disorder (12.3%), cannabis use disorder (11.5%), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (9.3%), and adjustment disorder (9.2%).

October 2021

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Prevalence represents the overall proportion of individuals in a population who have the disorder of interest. It is different from incidence, which represents only the new cases that have developed over a particular time period. Point prevalence is the proportion of individuals who have the disorder at a given point in time. Period prevalence is the proportion of individuals who have the disorder over specific time periods. Lifetime prevalence is the proportion of individuals who have ever had the disorder. Lifetime morbid risk also includes those who had the disorder but were deceased at the time of the survey.

What is the evidence for the prevalence of PTSD in problem gamblers?

Moderate quality evidence finds the current prevalence of PTSD is around 12.3%. This rate is lower than in people with nicotine dependence (56.4%), major depressive disorder (29.9%), alcohol use disorders (21.2%), anxiety disorders (17.6%), social phobia (14.9%), generalised anxiety disorder (14.4%), and panic disorder (13.7%). The rate is higher than in people with cannabis use disorder (11.5%), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (9.3%), adjustment disorder (9.2%), and bipolar disorder (8.8%).

October 2021

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Impulsivity-related disorders include intermittent explosive disorder characterised by uncontrolled fits of extreme anger and violence, pyromania characterised by irresistible urges to light fires, kleptomania characterised by irresistible urges to steal, and conduct disorder characterised by repetitive and persistent behaviours that violate societal rules and the basic rights of other people. Related disorders include; trichotillomania characterised by uncontrollable hair twisting and pulling, skin-picking disorder, pathological gambling, compulsive sexual behaviour and exhibitionism, compulsive buying, internet addiction, video or computer game addiction, food addiction, work addiction, tanning addiction and physical exercise addiction.

What is the evidence for impulsivity-related disorders?

Moderate to low quality evidence finds more harmful behavioural addictions in people with bipolar disorder than controls without the disorder.

Moderate quality evidence finds the prevalence of bipolar disorder in people with problem gambling is around 9%. Risk factors for problem gambling in people with bipolar disorder include suicidal ideation or attempt, history of rapid cycling, and younger age at illness onset.

October 2021

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