Any association found between parental education and risk for bipolar disorder has been largely inconsistent. This topic outlines the evidence for low parental education as a risk factor for bipolar disorder, however the results may reflect the effects of other influencing factors rather than parental education itself.

What is the evidence for parental education as a risk factor for bipolar disorder?

Moderate quality evidence suggests no differences in maternal education between people with bipolar disorder and people without bipolar disorder. No reviews assessed paternal education.

October 2021

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Low parental education is related to poor socioeconomic status, stressful life events, and migration. These have all been associated with increased rates of schizophrenia in the offspring. Therefore, they may explain any association found between low parental education and schizophrenia.

What is the evidence for parental education?

Moderate quality evidence suggests a small to medium-sized increased odds of fewer years of parental education in people with schizophrenia compared to people without schizophrenia.

April 2022

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