Parental psychological factors may be linked to the development of bipolar disorder in the offspring. However, studies investigating the relationship between parental psychological factors and bipolar disorder have yielded inconsistent findings.

What is the evidence for parental psychological factors during pregnancy?

Moderate to low quality evidence finds an increased risk of bipolar disorder in the offspring of mothers who were exposed to war stress during pregnancy. There were no associations with exposure to maternal bereavement or famine in utero.

October 2021

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Exposure to maternal psychological factors such as stress, depression, or psychosis during pregnancy may be linked to risk of schizophrenia in the offspring. The mechanisms by which these factors influence risk of schizophrenia is unclear, however genetic predisposition and/or inflammatory processes caused by stress during pregnancy may be involved.

What is the evidence for parental psychological factors?

Moderate to low quality evidence suggests medium-sized effects of increased risk of schizophrenia spectrum or non-affective psychoses following exposure to any parental psychopathology or self-reported maternal stress during pregnancy. Risk was highest with exposure to maternal psychosis. There was no association with death of a close relative or exposure to other catastrophic events (unspecified).

April 2022

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