Due to the significant genetic loading of bipolar disorder, first-degree relatives of people with bipolar disorder may also show signs of psychopathology.

What is the evidence for psychopathology in families of people with bipolar disorder?

Moderate to high quality evidence finds a large increased risk of bipolar disorder, a medium-sized increased risk of ADHD, and a small increased risk of a substance use disorder in relatives. Moderate quality evidence finds medium-sized increased risk of other mood or anxiety disorders in relatives, particularly generalized anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders, and increased risk of disruptive behavioural disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder in offspring.

October 2021

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Due to the significant genetic loading of schizophrenia, first-degree relatives may also show signs of psychopathology. This could include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or other mental disorders.

What is the evidence regarding psychopathology in relatives?

Moderate to high quality evidence finds no significant increases in anxiety disorders in offspring of people with schizophrenia.

Moderate to low quality evidence also finds no significant increases in disruptive behavioural disorders in offspring of people with schizophrenia.

No systematic reviews were identified that assessed psychopathology in other family members.

April 2022

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