S100 proteins

What are S100 proteins?

S100 proteins are a subgroup of proteins which regulate intracellular processes such as cell growth and motility, cell cycle regulation, transcription and differentiation. They are characterised by two calcium binding sites of the helix-loop-helix conformation, and at least 21 members have been identified so far. S100B is one member of this subgroup that is primarily found in the cytoplasm of astrocytes. It regulates cell shape, energy metabolism, and intracellular signal transduction. Serum S100B has been used as a marker for CNS damage, particularly in astrocytes, as well as a marker of blood-brain-barrier disruption.

What is the evidence for S100 proteins in people with bipolar disorder?

Moderate quality evidence suggests a large effect of increased serum S100B in people with bipolar disorder compared to controls. This was found regardless of age, gender, current mood state (depression, hypo/mania, mixed, or euthymic), illness duration, or measure (serum or plasma).

There were similar sized increases in serum S100B in people with bipolar disorder or major depression, but the effect was larger in people with schizophrenia compared to controls.

December 2021

Last updated at: 4:56 pm, 12th December 2021
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NeuRA Libraries

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