Topics tagged with "Extrapyramidal symptoms"

Parkinson’s disease

What is Parkinson’s disease in bipolar disorder? People with bipolar disorder often have increased rates of co-occurring disorders. The neurotransmitter dopamine may be dysfunctional in both disorders. Moreover, medications used to treat bipolar disorder can induce Parkinson’s symptoms including bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. What is the evidence for Parkinson’s disease? Moderate quality evidence suggests a medium-sized increased risk of Parkinson’s disease in people with bipolar disorder compared to people without the disorder. The risk is higher in studies with follow-up periods of less than nine years than in studies with follow-up periods of more than nine years….

Movement disorders

What are movement disorders in people with bipolar disorder? Catatonia was originally categorised as a subtype of schizophrenia, but it is found in people with other medical, neurological, and psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder. Catatonia is characterised by repetitive non-goal-directed movements or goal-directed movements that are executed in an idiosyncratic way, often affecting gait. Other forms of catatonia include immobility, mutism, staring, and rigidity. Tardive dyskinesia is a ‘hyper-kinetic’ (excessive movement) disorder, characterised by jerky, involuntary movements, usually of the face and/or limbs. Parkinsonism is another common movement disorder associated with schizophrenia and is a ‘hypo-kinetic’ (reduced movement) disorder, characterised…

Extrapyramidal

What are extrapyramidal side effects in people with schizophrenia? Extrapyramidal side effects include dyskinesias; repetitive, involuntary, and purposeless body or facial movements. Parkinsonism may occur, involving cogwheel muscle rigidity, pill-rolling tremor and reduced or slowed movements. Akathisia involves motor restlessness, especially in the legs, and dystonias are muscle contractions causing unusual twisting of parts of the body, most often in the neck. These side effects are caused by the dopamine receptor antagonist action of antipsychotics, but can also be found in people with schizophrenia who have never taken antipsychotics and in their relatives. What is the evidence for extrapyramidal side…

Medications for movement disorders

What are movement disorders in schizophrenia? Movement disorders and extrapyramidal symptoms are common side effects of many antipsychotic medications. They can also be apparent in people with schizophrenia who are have never taken antipsychotic medications and in their relatives. Extrapyramidal symptoms include tardive dyskinesia, a severe and chronic condition involving repetitive, involuntary movements, most commonly occurring around the mouth and face. Akathisia is characterised by a feeling of restlessness and movements such as shuffling of the legs, pacing, rocking from foot to foot, or the inability to sit down or stand still. Dystonia involves muscular spasms and abnormal postures. Medications…

Movement disorders

What are movement disorders in schizophrenia? Catatonia was originally categorised as a subtype of schizophrenia, but it is found in people with other medical, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. Catatonia is characterised by repetitive non-goal-directed movements or goal-directed movements that are executed in an idiosyncratic way. Other forms of catatonia include immobility, mutism, staring, and rigidity. Tardive dyskinesia is a ‘hyper-kinetic’ (excessive movement) disorder, characterised by jerky, involuntary movements, usually of the face and/or limbs. Parkinsonism is another common movement disorder associated with schizophrenia and is a ‘hypo-kinetic’ (reduced movement) disorder, characterised by slowness of movement and rigidity. These movement disorders…

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